ABSTRACT
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) combine the high specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the high anti-tumor activity of small molecular cytotoxic payloads. The anti-tumor activity of ADCs is mainly achieved by the direct blocking of the receptor by monoclonal antibodies, direct action and bystander effect of cytotoxic drugs, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. ADCs have been used in adjuvant therapy and rescue treatment of human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, greatly improving the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Several ongoing clinical trials of ADC for breast cancer and other solid tumors proved the potential of ADCs will provide more promising treatment options for patients with malignant tumors. This review introduces the mechanism and latest clinical progress of ADC drugs approved for HER2-positive breast cancer to guide clinical practice and conduct research.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use , Receptor, ErbB-2ABSTRACT
Objective: To discriminate traditional She medicine Gegongniugen (the root of Rubus chingii Hu) from its confusable species of genus Rubus based on ITS2 barcode, and to guarantee the medicine quality and clinical effect of Gegongniugen. Methods: A total of 140 samples of R. corchorifolius L. f., R. hirsutus Thunb., R. parvifolius L., R. coreanus Miq., R. buergeri Miq., R.tsangorum Hand. -Mazz., R. trianthus Focke, R. jiangxiensis Z. X. Yu, W. T. Ji et H. Zheng were collected from Zhejiang, Guangxi, Jiangxi, and Anhui provinces. Genomic DNA was extracted from the collected samples, followed by ITS2 sequences amplification through PCR, bi-directional sequencing, assembly and annotation based on HMMer method. At the same time, 37 other sequences of corresponding species were downloaded from GenBank. Sequence characteristics such as lengths, GC contents, and variable sites were analyzed by Gene Tool software while genetic distance calculation and build-up of neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree were carried out through Clustal X and MEGA 7.0. Results: The lengths of ITS2 sequences of Gegongniugen and its nine confusable species of genus Rubus ranged from 211 to 213 bp with GC content of 52.1%-58.0%; These ITS2 sequences had 14 mutation sites and one insertion/deletion site; The average intra-specific K2P genetic distance of Gegongniugen was 0.007 2, which was significantly lower than the respective inter-specific K2P genetic distance between Gegongniugen and its confusable species of genus Rubus. The genetic distantes between Gegongniugen and R. corchorifolius or Gegongniugen and R. jiangxiensis were minimum, while that between Gegongniugen and R. hirsutus was maxmum. It was obvious in the N-J phylogenetic tree that the ITS2 sequences of Gegongniugen formed into one separate clade, which could be successfully distinguished other nine species. Conclusion: ITS2 sequence can be used as an effective DNA marker to discriminate the original plants of Gegongniugen and its confusable species of genus Rubus, which provided an important molecular evidence for the identification of traditional She medicines and contributed to the information supervision of traditional She medicine market.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the prescriptions of analgesic drugs for the patients with cancer pain, and promote the rational use of narcotic and analgesic prescriptions. Methods: Using the PCNE classification system, the list of all drug-related problems (DRPs) from 115 patients admitted to the standardized treatment of cancer pain from January to December 2017 was analyzed. Re-sults: In our hospital from January to December 2017, there were 52 cases of prescribed DRPs for narcotic and analgesic drugs in the standardized treatment of cancer pain with the incidence of 45. 22% . DRPs mainly focused on treatment safety with the incidence of 72. 31% . The drug choice caused the highest incidence of DRPs accounting for 63. 24% , followed by dose selection accounting for 20. 59% . Conclusion: There are still unreasonable prescriptions of narcotic analgesia in our hospital. According to the PCNE classifi-cation system, it is necessary to strengthen the communication with clinicians, carry out education for the patients with cancer pain, and further educate pharmacy staff on the knowledge of analgesic drugs. Through the above measures, the regulation of prescription medication for narcotic analgesics can be intensified.
ABSTRACT
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a superfamily of heme-thiolate proteins, which is involved in the metabolism and activation of various endogenous and exogenous substances, including food, drugs and pollutants. Previous studies of the CYP450 genes mainly focused on their function in drug metabolism. However, in recent years, studies have found that CYP450 are also involved in the development and progression of various diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), cancer, cardiomyopathy and heart failure (HF). By far, the process and related mechanisms of CYP450 in the metabolism of endogenous substances in brain tissues has not been clarified yet. In this paper, we summarized the research progress of CYP450 genes involved in the metabolism of endogenous substances, in order to provide a new idea for the exploration of the functions of CYP450 genes expressed in the brain.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects of IL-18BP blockade on apoptosis of synovial cell in IL-18 induced Collagen-induced-arthritis(CIA) in mice and its possible mechanism.Methods: CIA mice were established by freund′s complete adjuvant,and divided into 5 groups:normal group,CIA model group,IL-18-CIA group,MTX group and IL-18BP group,each for 10,total 50 mice.The expression of Fas and FasL in the synovial tissue of the left posterior ankle joint taken from each group were detected by immunohistochemistry analysis.Results: IL-18BP group compared with the model group,the mice of joint swelling was inhibited,the expression level of Fas and FasL increased significantly,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01);IL-18BP group has a significant curative effect and basically recovered to normal level(P<0.05).Conclusion: IL-18BP can promote the apoptosis of synoviocytes by regulating the expression of apoptosis genes Fas and FasL,which is helpful for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of key physical properties of hawthorn leaf granule on its dissolution behavior. Hawthorn leaves extract was utilized as a model drug. The extract was mixed with microcrystalline cellulose or starch with the same ratio by using different methods. Appropriate amount of lubricant and disintegrating agent was added into part of the mixed powder, and then the granules were prepared by using extrusion granulation and high shear granulation. The granules dissolution behavior was evaluated by using equilibrium dissolution quantity and dissolution rate constant of the hypericin as the indicators. Then the effect of physical properties on dissolution behavior was analyzed through the stepwise regression analysis method. The equilibrium dissolution quantity of hypericin and adsorption heat constant in hawthorn leaves were positively correlated with the monolayer adsorption capacity and negatively correlated with the moisture absorption rate constant. The dissolution rate constants were decreased with the increase of Hausner rate, monolayer adsorption capacity and adsorption heat constant, and were increased with the increase of Carr index and specific surface area. Adsorption heat constant, monolayer adsorption capacity, moisture absorption rate constant, Carr index and specific surface area were the key physical properties of hawthorn leaf granule to affect its dissolution behavior.
ABSTRACT
To study the improvement of powder flowability and hygroscopicity of traditional Chinese medicine extract by surface coating modification technology. The 1% hydrophobic silica nanoparticles were used as surface modifier, and andrographis extract powder was taken as a model drug. Three different techniques were used for coating model drugs, with angle of repose, compressibility, flat angle and cohesion as the comprehensive evaluation indexes for the powder flowability. The powder particle size and the size distribution were measured by Mastersizer 2000. FEI scanning electron microscope was used to observe the surface morphology and structure of the powder. The percentage of Si element on the powder surface was measured by energy dispersive spectrometer. The hygroscopicity of powder was determined by Chinese pharmacopoeia method. All of the three techniques can improve the flowability of powder extract. In particular, hygroscopicity of extract powder can also be improved by dispersion and then high-speed mixing, which can produce a higher percentage of Si element on the powder surface. The improvement principle may be correlated with a modifier adhered to the powder surface.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence of voice disorder and voice fatigue mental state in the pri-mary school teachers in a district of Chengdu.Methods A random sampling survey included 389 teachers from a dis-trict of Chengdu after they filled out the throat symptoms questionnaire,carried out voice fatigue tests,and strobo-scopic laryngoscopy.Results The most common voice of discomfort symptoms was hoarseness,followed by sore throat,dry throat and vocal fatigue.There were 189 teachers,48.5%,with voice disorders as the voice disorder group)and 200 teachers without throat and voice disorders as the control group.The failure rate was significantly higher at 80 dB than 75 dB,and for the study group,the failure rate was higher than that of the control group.The difference was statistically significant in 1,2 and 10 minutes between the two groups(P <0.05).Conclusion Voice fatigue is very common in the primary school teachers and when high volumes are required,the voice fatigue is more serious.To reduce voice fatigue and the incidence of primary school teachers'voice disease,we should strengthen the teacher's voice health care.
ABSTRACT
Objective To knock out the Abcb1 gene of rat,and establish the Abcb1 humanized rat model based on the Abcb1 knock out rat.Methods The animal model was established using BAC and CRISPR/Cas9 technology,and was analyzed by PCR, RT-PCR and real-time PCR.Results Establishing a rat model expressing human Abcb1 stably by transfer the 153 kb BAC containing human Abcb1 promoter and cDNA into rat genome, and establishing the Abcb1 knock out rat at the same time.Establishing the Abcb1 humanized model by crossing these two strains together.The expression pattern of Abcb1 in Abcb1 humanized rat is different from the wild type rat.The Abcb1 humanized model express not only the human Abcb1 gene but also has similar expression pattern as human.Conclusions The Abcb1 knock out rat and the Abcb1 humanized rat were successfully established, and this model is close to human concerning about the drug metabolism related to Abcb1.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical features and treatment of tuberculous otitis media and mastoiditis.@*METHOD@#Thirteen patients with tuberculous otitis media and mastoiditis were retrospectively analyzed and the related literatures were reviewed. One case was treated by surgery only, and anti-tuberculosis treatment was given to another one patient, and surgical removal of disease lesions in combination with anti-tuberculosis treatment were given to 12 patients.@*RESULT@#One patient received surgery only was found to recur after follow-up for seven months. The patient did not recur after seven months' follow-up after antituberculosis therapy,and other patients did not recur.@*CONCLUSION@#Although the regular anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy treatment was the main treatment for tuberculous otitis and mastoiditis, surgical treatment was helpful to achieved more rapid healing of the ear.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Mastoiditis , Microbiology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Otitis Media , Microbiology , Retrospective Studies , TuberculosisABSTRACT
The incidence of invasive fungal sinusitis is low, on the rising in recent years. But the misdiagnosis rate of the disease is high. In order to improve the level of early diagnosis and reduce the misdiagnosis, in this pa per, the invasive fungal sinusitis's clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are reviewed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Mycoses , Diagnosis , Therapeutics , Sinusitis , Diagnosis , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical feature, diagnose and therapeutic methods of paraglottic space primary paraganglioma.@*METHOD@#One case of paraglottic space primary paraganglioma was reported and the relevant literatures were reviewed.@*RESULT@#One case showed a hoarse voice, who was cured after the surgery of neck incision. NSE and CgA were positively expressed.@*CONCLUSION@#Paraganglioma of the paraglottic space is very rare. The diagnosis of paraglottic space primary paraganglioma bases on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The immunohistochemistry and clinical character must be comprehensively analyzed to increase the diagnosis accuracy.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Glottis , Pathology , Paraganglioma , Pathology , General SurgeryABSTRACT
Objective To study the effects of NRG2 on cardiac structure and function , we established the cardiac-specific human NRG2 transgenic mice and investigate the effect of NRG2 on cardiac structure and function under pressure overload situation .Methods The transgenic vector was constructed by insertion of the human NRG2 gene under the α-MHC promoter.The transgenic mice were generated by microinjection and were all maintained on a C57BL/6J genetic background .The genotype of transgenic mice was identified by PCR and the expression level of target gene was determined by western blot .Transverse aortic constriction ( TAC) was applied to prepare the pressure overload induced cardiomyopathy mice model .The cardiac structure and function of the transgenic mice were compared and analysized by echocardiographic and pathological observation .Results Transgenic mice with high level of NRG2 in heart tissues were established.The left ventricular wall thickness (LVPWD) was increased, and to 15.6% at 3 months old compared with that of the non transgenic ( NTG) mice.The hypertrophy of left ventricular wall caused by pressure overload was removed due to the expression of NRG2 .Meanwhile, cardiac disarray and fibrosis were increased obviously compared with that of the NTG mice.Conclusion The transgenic expression of NRG2 in heart tissues could shorten the pathological process of hypertrophy, but accelerated the process of heart failure (HF).
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the histogenesis, morphological features and biologic behaviors of granular cell tumor(GCT) of the larynx.@*METHOD@#A retrospective study was performed in three cases of GCT in our hospital, the clinical data were studied with histopathologic analysis, histochemical and immunohistochemical staining, and combining with the analysis of domestic and foreign literatures.@*RESULT@#Histopathologic features of laryngeal GCT were identical to that in soft tissues, but pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia was present in 50%-60% cases of the tumor. This disease may originate from the neurogenic Schwann cell, S-100 could be positive in immunohistochemistry.@*CONCLUSION@#Laryngeal GCT is a rare benign tumor and can be cured by local excision.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Diagnosis, Differential , Granular Cell Tumor , Diagnosis , Laryngeal Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical feature and therapy of rare aggressive fibromatosis in the head and neck.@*METHOD@#Clinicopathologic data of 12 cases of aggressive fibromatosis in the head and neck were analysed. All cases underwent surgical excision, one case received radiotherapy in addition to surgery.@*RESULT@#Six cases recurred after cutting off. One of them recurred twice no death was found following operation.@*CONCLUSION@#Aggressive fibromatosis in the head and neck is a rare benign, non-metastatic proliferation tumor of fibrous tissue with a capacity of infiltration to surrounding structures and a tendency of local recurrence after surgical resection. Complete surgical excision was considered to be the only effective method of cure. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be used in unsatisfactory surgical marginal recurrence.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Fibromatosis, Aggressive , Diagnosis , General Surgery , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Diagnosis , General Surgery , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
The clinical data of one case of laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinoma in our hospital were respectively analyzed. The patient was a 61-year-old male, and complained of progressive pain of right ear for 7-year, it was misdiagnosed as glossopharyngeal neuralgia and larynx hemangioma. This patient was achieved total laryngectomy and bilateral cervical lymph nodes dissection. As of 12 months after surgery, the patient remains under follow-up observation, and no findings indicating obvious recurrence or metastasis has been observed. This disease is a rare and highly malignant tumor that is lack of specific feature in clinical performances. Recognition at larynx is essential so that proper patient management can be initiated.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine , Diagnosis , Therapeutics , Laryngeal Neoplasms , Diagnosis , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical, pathological character and differential diagnosis of laryngeal verrucous carcinoma.@*METHOD@#Clinical data of one case with laryngeal verrucous carcinoma in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.@*RESULT@#The diagnosis of verrucous carcinoma was difficult and depend on repeated biopsy. Verrucous carcinoma of larynx is a highly differentiated variant of squamous carcinoma that has peculiar clinical and morphological features. The basement membrane is not invaded. It is prone to distant metastasis, than to local recurrence. The case underwent the partial laryngectomy, and was followed up for more than 4 years with no recurrence.@*CONCLUSION@#Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx is a special pattern of the well-differentiated squamous cancer. A correct diagnosis requires close cooperation between the laryngologist and the pathologist. The main treatment of verrucous carcinoma is complete surgical excision to reserve larynx function as far as possible and improve the quality of life.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Verrucous , Diagnosis , General Surgery , Laryngeal Neoplasms , Diagnosis , General Surgery , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical presentation, pathological feature, therapy and outcome of epithelioid hemangioma.@*METHOD@#We reviewed the clinical findings, pathologic changes and outcomes of six cases with epithelioid hemangioma from Aug. 2007 to Sept. 2011.@*RESULT@#There are four males and two females ranged from 18 to 44 years(median year was 29.5). Primary lesions sites included the parotid gland, neck and ear. Four lesions presented as a solitary mass, and no patient had history of trauma. All patients were treated by surgeries, and not complemented by medical. There were four patients relapsed during follow-up, and three of them accepted reoperations (two patients received postoperative radiotherapies), and no recurrence was detected.@*CONCLUSION@#Epithelioid hemangioma represents a benign vascular tumor, accurate diagnosis relies on clinical characteristic, histopathologic appearance and immunohistochemical findings, and it must be differentiated with Kimura's disease. The main treatment is surgery and the prognosis is well, but easy to recurrence.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Diagnosis, Differential , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Hemangioma , Diagnosis , PrognosisABSTRACT
The incidence of oncocytic papilloma of nasal ethmoid sinus is very low. In order to improve the understanding of the disease for clinicians,we report one case of oncocytic papilloma in nasal ethmoid sinus. The case performs mainly congestion of the left nasal cavity, running pus nose and hyposmia. Nasal endoscopy found new creature in the meatus,and CT indicates soft tissue shadow in the left superior nasal passages,ethmoid sinus involved. Tumor is resected completely. There is no recurrence after five years follow-up.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Nasal Cavity , Nose Neoplasms , Papilloma , Paranasal Sinus NeoplasmsABSTRACT
The mechanism of synergetic effects of multi-components on multi-targets in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the bottlenecks for TCM modernization and internationalization. Network biology approach was developed in recent years and provided an important and novel idea to study the pharmacological mechanism of TCM. This review introduced the mathematical basis of network biology, as well as the feasibility and research idea of using network biology to study the pharmacological mechanism of TCM. Network biology was expected to be further used for analyzing the pharmacological mechanism of TCM, guiding drug development of TCM, inheriting and carrying forward the fundamental principle of TCM.